European model comparison · 5 km GloFAS cell

Elbe · Elbe

No model value

Selected model-cell discharge—

m³/s

Model P10 —Model P20 —Seasonal median —

No model value

The model feed has no discharge for this date — status is not scored.

GloFAS v4 via Open-Meteo · no cell selected · model day 2026-08-13

Methodology & exact calculation— m³/s against model P10 —, model P20 — and the seasonal median —

Open methodology

Elbe model-cell comparison

The selected model-cell discharge is compared with lower-tail percentile boundaries for the same calendar month, derived from that cell's stored GloFAS climatology. P10 and P20 determine the label; the median only positions the bar.

Formula

below model P10 if Q < model P10; model P10–P20 if model P10 ≤ Q < model P20; at or above model P20 if Q ≥ model P20

Selected model-cell discharge: — m³/s
Model discharge P10: — m³/s
Model discharge P20: — m³/s
Seasonal model median: — m³/s

Published resultElbe: No model value

Data & provenanceGloFAS v4 via Open-Meteo · stored climatology for the selected model cell

LimitThe model value for this day is compared with this exact cell’s stored monthly GloFAS v4 climatology. Below P10, P10–P20, and at or above P20 are European model-comparison bands. P10 means the 10th percentile of that model record; it is not Q355, Q364, or a statutory minimum residual flow.

Mapped river structureselect a river to zoom to it

Elbe is the basin trunk and reaches the North Sea.

Sampled cellsexact model values

Detailed river viewLabe + Elbe source-to-sea cascadeOpen cascade

RiverData.org · infrastructure intelligence

Hydrostorage

Europe’s pumped-storage fleet in one expandable directory: generating power, stored energy where published, hydraulic head, river context and project status.

Pumped storage

127plants & projects

24countries

53 GWoperating capacity

209 GWhpublished storage

Search hydrostorageCountryStatus127 shown

Grand'MaisonFrance1,800 MWgenerating capacityEau d'OlleoperatingDetails

Storage: 34.8 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1985
Stage: operating

Europe's largest pumped-storage plant; twelve sets split between a surface and an underground powerhouse on the Eau d'Olle

Open on map Wikipedia

DinorwigUnited Kingdom1,728 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: 9.1 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1984
Stage: operating

Europe's fastest-responding big store, inside Elidir mountain between Marchlyn Mawr and Llyn Peris

Open on map Wikipedia

La Muela (Cortes-La Muela)Spain1,490 MWgenerating capacityJúcaroperatingDetails

Storage: 24.5 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1989
Stage: operating

La Muela I (1989) and II (2013) share a plateau basin 500 m above the Cortes reservoir — Europe's largest pumping complex on one site

Open on map Wikipedia pumped-storage list

Coire GlasUnited Kingdom1,300 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemannouncedDetails

Storage: 30 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: announced

SSE's Great Glen scheme above Loch Lochy — the UK's first new large PSH in 40 years; FID hinges on the 2026 cap-and-floor award

Open on map SSE Renewables project page

ViandenLuxembourg1,296 MWgenerating capacityOuroperatingDetails

Storage: 4.92 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1964
Stage: operating

SEO's eleven-set plant on the Our; the 200 MW eleventh machine arrived in 2015

Open on map Wikipedia

Dniester PSPUkraine1,296 MWgenerating capacityDniesteroperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2009
Stage: operating

Four of seven planned 324 MW sets run; the 2,268 MW build-out, due around 2028, would make it Europe's largest

Open on map Wikipedia

Entracque (Luigi Einaudi)Italy1,184 MWgenerating capacityGessooperatingDetails

Storage: 17.04 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1982
Stage: operating

Italy's largest hydro plant: the Chiotas (1,064 MW) and Rovina sections share the Piastra lower reservoir on the Gesso

Open on map Wikipedia

Coo-Trois-PontsBelgium1,164 MWgenerating capacityAmblèveoperatingDetails

Storage: 5.82 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1971
Stage: operating

Engie's three-basin plant above the Amblève at Coo, uprated past 1.1 GW in the 2020s

Open on map Wikipedia

GoldisthalGermany1,060 MWgenerating capacitySchwarzaoperatingDetails

Storage: 8.48 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2003
Stage: operating

Germany's largest PSH and Europe's first big plant with variable-speed sets, on the Thuringian Schwarza

Open on map Wikipedia

MarkersbachGermany1,045 MWgenerating capacityGroße MittweidaoperatingDetails

Storage: 4.02 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1979
Stage: operating

Six 175 MW sets in the Erzgebirge above the Große Mittweida; Germany's second-largest store

Open on map Wikipedia

PresenzanoItaly1,000 MWgenerating capacityVolturnooperatingDetails

Storage: 7 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1991
Stage: operating

Four 250 MW sets between the Cesima hill basin and the Volturno plain north of Naples

Open on map Wikipedia

RoncovalgrandeItaly1,000 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: 17.68 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1971
Stage: operating

Pumps from Lake Maggiore 740 m up to Lago Delio; the hall in the cliff holds eight sets

Open on map Wikipedia

Tarnița–LăpușteștiRomania1,000 MWgenerating capacitySomeșul CaldannouncedDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: announced

Studied since the 1980s above the Tarnița reservoir near Cluj; still lacks financing and a start date

Open on map Wikipedia

Limmern (Linth-Limmern)Switzerland1,000 MWgenerating capacityLinthoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2016
Stage: operating

Axpo's cavern plant lifts Limmernsee water 630 m to the dammed Muttsee, 2,474 m up — Europe's highest big reservoir

Open on map Wikipedia

Kaniv PSPUkraine1,000 MWgenerating capacityDnieperannouncedDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: announced

Soviet-era project on the Kaniv reservoir repeatedly restarted by Ukrhydroenergo; construction remains suspended

Open on map Wikipedia

EdoloItaly977.5 MWgenerating capacityOgliooperatingDetails

Storage: 4.89 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1985
Stage: operating

Eight sets on the Oglio at Edolo fed from Lago d'Avio; commonly rounded to a gigawatt

Open on map Wikipedia

MontézicFrance910 MWgenerating capacityTruyèreoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1982
Stage: operating

Four 227 MW sets underground on the Truyère; EDF's second-largest storage plant

Open on map Wikipedia

WehrGermany910 MWgenerating capacityWehraoperatingDetails

Storage: 6.07 GWh
Hydraulic head: 600 m
Commissioned: 1975
Stage: operating

The Hornberg basin sits 600 m above the Wehra valley — the biggest machine in the Black Forest group

Open on map Schluchseewerk station page

KruonisLithuania900 MWgenerating capacityNemunasoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1992
Stage: operating

Four 225 MW sets against the Kaunas reservoir on the Nemunas, built to firm the Baltic grid, with room for a fifth unit

Open on map Wikipedia

Nant de DranceSwitzerland900 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: 20 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2022
Stage: operating

Six variable-speed sets between the Emosson and Vieux Emosson lakes above the Rhône's Trient gorge; 20 GWh of storage

Open on map Wikipedia

GouvãesPortugal880 MWgenerating capacityTâmegaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2022
Stage: operating

Pure pumping plant of Iberdrola's Tâmega 'giga-battery', working against the Daivões reservoir

Open on map Wikipedia

ChairaBulgaria864 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1993
Stage: operating

The Balkans' largest PSH, below the Belmeken reservoir; offline after a March 2022 turbine failure, with unit 2 back at 210 MW in May 2025 and two more sets due through 2026

Open on map Wikipedia

VillarinoSpain857 MWgenerating capacityTormesoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1970
Stage: operating

Six sets 400 m underground pump the vast Almendra reservoir on the Tormes against the Duero canyon

Open on map Wikidata

RevinFrance808 MWgenerating capacityMeuseoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1976
Stage: operating

Upper basin on the plateau above the Meuse loop at Revin — lowland France's counterpart to the Alpine stores

Open on map Wikipedia

Super BissorteFrance742 MWgenerating capacityArcoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Bissorte's reversible extension in the Maurienne, working the 1930s Bissorte dam against the Arc valley floor

Open on map Wikidata

Frades II (Venda Nova III)Portugal736 MWgenerating capacityCávadooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2017
Stage: operating

Two 368 MW variable-speed sets — among Europe's largest such machines — on the same Rabagão–Cávado drop as Frades I

Open on map EDP announcement

Čierny VáhSlovakia735.16 MWgenerating capacityČierny VáhoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 434 m
Commissioned: 1981
Stage: operating

The largest power station in Slovakia of any kind; upper basin dug into the ridge above the Čierny Váh valley

Open on map Slovenské elektrárne station page

Malta-HauptstufeAustria730 MWgenerating capacityMölloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 1,106 m
Commissioned: 1979
Stage: operating

Europe's highest-head pumped storage; the Rottau powerhouse in the Möll valley works 1,106 m below the Kölnbrein reservoir

Open on map Verbund station page

ŻarnowiecPoland716 MWgenerating capacityPiaśnicaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1983
Stage: operating

Poland's largest PSH, on glacial Lake Żarnowiec — built to partner a nuclear plant that was never finished

Open on map Wikipedia

AmfilochiaGreece680 MWgenerating capacityAcheloosunder constructionDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: under construction

Terna's twin upper basins (Agios Georgios 460 MW, Pyrgos 220 MW) share the Kastraki reservoir on the Acheloos; first units due 2027

Open on map Terna Energy project page

Dlouhé stráněCzechia650 MWgenerating capacityDivoká DesnáoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 510.7 m
Commissioned: 1996
Stage: operating

Largest hydro plant in Czechia; twin 325 MW Francis sets under Mravenečník, with the upper basin dug into the Dlouhé stráně summit

Open on map Wikipedia

SaurdalNorway640 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Norway's largest pumped-storage plant; two of its four sets are reversible, cycling Blåsjø water in the Ulla-Førre scheme

Open on map Wikidata

Bajina BaštaSerbia614 MWgenerating capacityDrinaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1982
Stage: operating

Two 307 MW sets pump 600 m up from the Perućac reservoir on the Drina to Lake Zaovine on Tara mountain

Open on map Wikidata

San FioranoItaly568 MWgenerating capacityOgliooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 1,404 m
Commissioned: 1973
Stage: operating

Italy's highest head — 1,404 m from Lago d'Arno down to the Oglio at Sellero

Open on map Wikipedia (it)

AlquevaPortugal518 MWgenerating capacityGuadianaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2004
Stage: operating

Two twin-set reversible stations (2004 and 2012) on Iberia's largest reservoir, pumping against the Pedrógão pool of the Guadiana

Open on map Wikipedia

AnapoItaly500 MWgenerating capacityAnapooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Sicily's big storage plant, in caverns beside the Anapo gorge above Syracuse

Open on map Wikidata

Porąbka-ŻarPoland500 MWgenerating capacitySołaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1979
Stage: operating

Upper basin carved into the summit of Mt Żar, lower pool on the Soła cascade

Open on map Wikidata

San Giacomo (Vomano)Italy490 MWgenerating capacityVomanooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Mixed pumped stage between the Campotosto and Provvidenza reservoirs under the Gran Sasso

Open on map Wikidata

Limberg IIAustria480 MWgenerating capacityKapruner AcheoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 346 m
Commissioned: 2012
Stage: operating

Reversible cavern sets between the Mooserboden and Wasserfallboden reservoirs above Kaprun

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Limberg IIIAustria480 MWgenerating capacityKapruner AcheoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2025
Stage: operating

Opened September 2025 on the same reservoir pair as Limberg II; both motor-generators failed within weeks, with repaired sets due back in September and December 2026

Open on map Verbund press release

DalešiceCzechia480 MWgenerating capacityJihlavaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1978
Stage: operating

Four reversible sets between the Dalešice and Mohelno reservoirs; the same Jihlava pool cools the Dukovany nuclear plant

Open on map Wikipedia

Le CheylasFrance480 MWgenerating capacityIsèreoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1979
Stage: operating

Two 240 MW reversible sets between the Flumet basin and the Isère's Grésivaudan valley

Open on map Wikidata

Waldeck IIGermany480 MWgenerating capacityEderoperatingDetails

Storage: 3.43 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1974
Stage: operating

Two 240 MW cavern sets beside Waldeck I, pumping from the Eder's Affoldern pool

Open on map Wikipedia

Hongrin-Léman (Veytaux)Switzerland480 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1971
Stage: operating

Pumps Lake Geneva water 880 m up to Lac de l'Hongrin; the 2016 Veytaux-2 cavern doubled it to 480 MW

Open on map Wikidata

Estany Gento–SallenteSpain468 MWgenerating capacityFlamiselloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 400 m
Commissioned: 1985
Stage: operating

Pure pumping plant in a cavern between the Sallente and Gento lakes of the Catalan Pyrenees

Open on map Lleida hydroelectric heritage museum

Kops IIAustria450 MWgenerating capacityIlloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 818 m
Commissioned: 2008
Stage: operating

Three Pelton sets with separate pumps (525 MW pumping) between the Kops reservoir and the Rifa basin at Partenen

Open on map illwerke vkw station page

ČapljinaBosnia and Herzegovina440 MWgenerating capacityTrebišnjicaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1979
Stage: operating

Underground plant near the Neretva delta; the karstic Trebišnjica, half canal by now, is its upper pool

Open on map Wikipedia

CruachanUnited Kingdom440 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1965
Stage: operating

The original 'Hollow Mountain' under Ben Cruachan, pumping from Loch Awe; Drax shelved its 600 MW expansion in 2025

Open on map Wikipedia

Reißeck IIAustria430 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 595 m
Commissioned: 2015
Stage: operating

Links the Reißeck and Malta groups, cycling water between the Mühldorfer See and Gößkar reservoirs

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Aldeadávila IISpain421 MWgenerating capacityDuerooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1986
Stage: operating

Two reversible sets inside the Duero canyon plant; the full Aldeadávila complex reaches 1,243 MW

Open on map Wikipedia

La CocheFrance384 MWgenerating capacityIsèreoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1976
Stage: operating

France's first high-head pumped storage, above the Isère at Aigueblanche; an extra Pelton unit joined the four reversible sets in 2019

Open on map Wikipedia

ThisavrosGreece384 MWgenerating capacityNestosoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Greece's largest hydro plant, a reversible station on the Nestos gorge near the Bulgarian border

Open on map Wikidata

Santa MassenzaItaly377 MWgenerating capacitySarcaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Post-war cavern plant in Trentino that can pump back up to Lake Molveno

Open on map Wikidata

Tajo de la EncantadaSpain377 MWgenerating capacityGuadalhorceoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1978
Stage: operating

Spain's south-coast store above the El Chorro gorge of the Guadalhorce

Open on map Wikidata

BelmekenBulgaria375 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Top stage of the Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira cascade in the Rila mountains; two of its five sets are reversible

Open on map Wikipedia

HäuslingAustria360 MWgenerating capacityZilleroperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 696 m
Commissioned: 1988
Stage: operating

Second Zillertal stage; pumps from the Ziller headwaters back up to the 186 m Zillergründl arch dam

Open on map Wikipedia (de)

Obervermuntwerk IIAustria360 MWgenerating capacityIlloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2019
Stage: operating

Cavern plant between the Silvretta and Vermunt reservoirs at the Ill's source; 360 MW in both turbine and pump mode

Open on map illwerke vkw station page

SäckingenGermany360 MWgenerating capacityRhineoperatingDetails

Storage: 2.06 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1967
Stage: operating

Cavern plant under the Eggberg with its basin on the Hotzenwald shoulder, tailing into the High Rhine

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

AguayoSpain360 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1982
Stage: operating

Pumps from the Alsa reservoir in Cantabria's Besaya basin; Repsol has an expansion to ~1 GW on the books

Open on map Wikidata

FfestiniogUnited Kingdom360 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1963
Stage: operating

Britain's first major pumped storage, between Llyn Stwlan and the Tan-y-Grisiau reservoir

Open on map Wikipedia

Grimsel 2Switzerland348 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 400 m
Commissioned: 1980
Stage: operating

KWO's cavern plant between the Oberaarsee and Grimselsee at the Aare headwaters; four ~87 MW sets, one converter-fed

Open on map KWO station page

AguieiraPortugal336 MWgenerating capacityMondegooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1981
Stage: operating

Three reversible groups on the Mondego above Coimbra

Open on map Wikipedia

BargiItaly330 MWgenerating capacityLimentraoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1975
Stage: operating

Two sets on the Suviana reservoir in the Apennines; offline since a fatal April 2024 machine-hall explosion, with repairs still running

Open on map Wikipedia

Hohenwarte IIGermany320 MWgenerating capacitySaaleoperatingDetails

Storage: 2.09 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1966
Stage: operating

Eight small sets on the Saale cascade's Hohenwarte reservoir — the GDR's flagship store

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

SfikiaGreece315 MWgenerating capacityAliakmonasoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Three reversible sets on the middle Aliakmonas, regulating PPC's cascade below Mount Vermio

Open on map Wikidata

Puente BibeySpain315 MWgenerating capacityBibeioperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Mixed plant of the Sil system with pumping capability, downstream of the Conso group

Open on map Wikidata

Tashlyk PSPUkraine302 MWgenerating capacitySouthern BuhoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2006
Stage: operating

Two of six planned 151 MW sets run beside the South Ukraine nuclear plant; unit 3 has crept forward for years

Open on map Wikipedia

Sarganserland (Mapragg–Sarelli)Switzerland300 MWgenerating capacityTaminaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Two-stage Tamina scheme with pumping between the Gigerwald reservoir and the Mapragg basin

Open on map Axpo magazine

FoyersUnited Kingdom300 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1974
Stage: operating

Pumps from Loch Ness up the fault scarp to Loch Mhòr, reusing the site of the 1896 aluminium-works hydro

Open on map Wikidata

ConsoSpain298 MWgenerating capacityCambaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1970
Stage: operating

Core of the San Agustín–Conso group in the Bibei headwaters of Galicia's Sil system

Open on map Wikidata

Rodund IIAustria295 MWgenerating capacityIlloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 354 m
Commissioned: 1976
Stage: operating

Single large reversible set beside Rodund I; rebuilt after a 2009 machine fire

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Turlough HillIreland292 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1974
Stage: operating

Ireland's only pumped storage, between an artificial summit basin and the glacial Lough Nahanagan in the Wicklow mountains

Open on map Wikipedia

KühtaiAustria289 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1981
Stage: operating

Pumping stage of TIWAG's Sellrain–Silz group, cycling the Finstertal and Längental reservoirs above the Inn

Open on map Oesterreichs Energie

VelebitCroatia276 MWgenerating capacityZrmanjaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1984
Stage: operating

Pumps from the Zrmanja up to the Opsenica basin on the Velebit karst plateau

Open on map Wikipedia

Aurland IIINorway270 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Reversible stage of the Aurland mountain cascade above the Sognefjord

Open on map Wikidata

Foz TuaPortugal270 MWgenerating capacityDourooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2017
Stage: operating

Dam on the lower Tua whose reversible sets pump against the Douro backwater

Open on map Wikipedia (pt)

ValdecañasSpain249 MWgenerating capacityTajooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Three reversible sets at the Valdecañas dam on the middle Tajo

Open on map Wikidata

TaloroItaly240 MWgenerating capacityTalorooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Sardinia's pumped storage, between the Cucchinadorza and Benzone reservoirs on the Taloro

Open on map Wikidata

Kyiv PSPUkraine235.5 MWgenerating capacityDnieperoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1970
Stage: operating

The USSR's first big pumped storage (1970–72), on the shore of the Kyiv reservoir

Open on map Wikipedia

RoßhagAustria231 MWgenerating capacityZemmoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 630 m
Commissioned: 1972
Stage: operating

Zemm valley plant pumping against the Schlegeis reservoir in the Zillertal group

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

LünerseeAustria229 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 974 m
Commissioned: 1958
Stage: operating

Five sets between the Lünersee and the Latschau basin; illwerke's planned Lünerseewerk II would add 1,000 MW on the same lake

Open on map Wikipedia (de)

ErzhausenGermany220 MWgenerating capacityLeineoperatingDetails

Storage: 1.1 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1964
Stage: operating

Lower Saxony's only large PSH, with its basin on the Selter ridge above the Leine

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

WitznauGermany220 MWgenerating capacitySchlüchtoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.63 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1943
Stage: operating

Middle stage of the Schluchsee cascade, on the Schlücht between the Häusern and Waldshut steps

Open on map Schluchseewerk station page

FadaltoItaly220 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Mixed plant of the Piave–Santa Croce cascade, pumping between Lago Morto and Lago di Santa Croce

Open on map Wikidata

SouteloSpain215 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Companion pumping plant to Conso in the Bibei headwaters

Open on map Wikidata

GuillenaSpain210 MWgenerating capacityRivera de HuelvaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1973
Stage: operating

Three reversible sets north of Seville — Andalusia's counterweight to the Pyrenean stores

Open on map Wikidata

Salamonde IIPortugal207 MWgenerating capacityCávadooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Single large reversible set in a cavern beside the 1953 Salamonde dam on the Cávado

Open on map Wikipedia

DugeNorway200 MWgenerating capacitySiraoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1974
Stage: operating

Two reversible sets at the top of the Sira-Kvina system, between the Svartevatn and Gravatn reservoirs

Open on map Wikidata

SolinaPoland200 MWgenerating capacitySanoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1968
Stage: operating

Two of the four sets at Poland's tallest dam are reversible against the Myczkowce pool of the San; modernised 2003

Open on map Wikipedia

Bolarque IISpain200 MWgenerating capacityTajooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 240 m
Commissioned: 1974
Stage: operating

Four reversible sets lift Tagus water 240 m to La Bujeda, the head pond of the Tagus–Segura transfer

Open on map engineering contractor page

MoraletsSpain200 MWgenerating capacityNoguera RibagorçanaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Pumps from the Baserca reservoir up to Llauset, under the Pyrenean main ridge

Open on map Wikidata

Rodund IAustria198 MWgenerating capacityIlloperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 354 m
Commissioned: 1952
Stage: operating

Workhorse of the Obere Ill–Lünersee group, between the Latschau basin and the Ill at Vandans

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Liptovská MaraSlovakia198 MWgenerating capacityVáhoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 48 m
Commissioned: 1976
Stage: operating

Mixed plant on the Váh: two Kaplan sets work natural inflow, two reversible Dériaz sets pump from the Bešeňová pool

Open on map Slovenské elektrárne station page

Frades I (Venda Nova II)Portugal191 MWgenerating capacityCávadooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2005
Stage: operating

First reversible extension of the Venda Nova scheme, from the Rabagão reservoir down to Salamonde

Open on map EDP station page

Kühtai 2Austria190 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemunder constructionDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: under construction

Two 95 MW pump-turbines and a new Kühtai reservoir; test operation began August 2026, regular service planned late 2027

Open on map press report (June 2026)

Baixo SaborPortugal190 MWgenerating capacitySaboroperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2016
Stage: operating

Two-step reversible scheme on the Sabor, the Douro's last wild tributary before it was dammed

Open on map Wikidata

AvčeSlovenia185 MWgenerating capacitySočaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2010
Stage: operating

Slovenia's only pumped storage, a variable-speed set above the Soča at Avče

Open on map Wikipedia (sl)

FerreraSwitzerland180 MWgenerating capacityHinterrheinoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1962
Stage: operating

Kraftwerke Hinterrhein's pumping stage between the Valle di Lei reservoir and the Sufers pool on the Hinterrhein

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

EbenseeAustria170 MWgenerating capacityTraununder constructionDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: under construction

Energie AG shaft plant pumping out of the Traunsee; completion planned for 2027

Open on map Wikidata

TauernmoosAustria170 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemunder constructionDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: under construction

ÖBB's 16.7 Hz railway plant between the Weißsee and Tauernmoossee in the Stubach valley; misfabricated turbine spirals pushed commissioning to summer 2028

Open on map ÖBB project page

RobieiSwitzerland165 MWgenerating capacityBavonaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1968
Stage: operating

Ofima's pumping hub in the Maggia system, cycling water between the Robiei and San Carlo basins in Val Bavona

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Limberg IAustria160 MWgenerating capacityKapruner AcheoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

The 1950s Kaprun Oberstufe between Mooserboden and Wasserfallboden; its generators are under repair through 2026 alongside Limberg III's

Open on map Verbund press release

HappurgGermany160 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemunder constructionDetails

Storage: 0.9 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: under construction

Offline since 2011 when the upper basin floor failed; Uniper is rebuilding it for a return around 2028

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

LangenprozeltenGermany160 MWgenerating capacitySinnoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.95 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1976
Stage: operating

Runs on the 16.7 Hz railway grid for DB Energie, above the Sinn in the Spessart

Open on map Wikipedia

ŻydowoPoland157 MWgenerating capacityRadewoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1971
Stage: operating

Early lake-to-lake plant between Kamienne and Kwiecko lakes in Pomerania

Open on map Wikidata

HerdeckeGermany153 MWgenerating capacityRuhroperatingDetails

Storage: 0.59 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1989
Stage: operating

Replaced Arthur Koepchen's landmark 1930 machine hall on the Hengstey lake of the Ruhr

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

WaldshutGermany150 MWgenerating capacityRhineoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.4 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1951
Stage: operating

Bottom stage of the Schluchsee cascade, pumping straight out of the High Rhine

Open on map Schluchseewerk station page

Pont Ventoux-SusaItaly150 MWgenerating capacityDora RipariaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

High-head Susa valley scheme with pumping between Val Clarea basins on the Dora Riparia

Open on map Wikidata

TorrãoPortugal146 MWgenerating capacityDourooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1988
Stage: operating

Reversible plant at the Tâmega mouth, pumping from the Douro's Crestuma pool

Open on map Wikidata

Plate-TailleBelgium144 MWgenerating capacityEau d'HeureoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1981
Stage: operating

Sits on Belgium's largest artificial lakes, built to compensate Sambre water taken for cooling

Open on map Wikidata

FeldseeAustria140 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 2009
Stage: operating

Kelag's two-set plant in the Fragant group of the Möll basin, between the Feldsee and the Wurten reservoir

Open on map Wikidata

RönkhausenGermany140 MWgenerating capacityGlingeoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.74 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1969
Stage: operating

Twin basins above the Lenne valley at Finnentrop, on the little Glinge stream

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

Waldeck IGermany140 MWgenerating capacityEderoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.48 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1933
Stage: operating

The 1930s pioneer above the Edersee, gutted and rebuilt with modern sets in 2010

Open on map Wikipedia

Gargnano (San Giacomo)Italy137 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1959
Stage: operating

Pumps between Lake Valvestino and Lake Garda from a shoreline hall on the west bank

Open on map Wikidata

TorrejónSpain132 MWgenerating capacityTajooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Mixed plant pumping between the twin Torrejón pools on the Tajo and the Tiétar

Open on map Wikidata

Vilarinho das FurnasPortugal125 MWgenerating capacityCávadooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1972
Stage: operating

Draws down the Homem valley reservoir — famous for the drowned village it covers — and pumps back from Salamonde

Open on map Wikipedia (pt)

TanesSpain123 MWgenerating capacityNalónoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Reversible sets between the Tanes and Rioseco reservoirs on the upper Nalón in Asturias

Open on map Wikidata

EtzelwerkSwitzerland121 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 473 m
Commissioned: 1937
Stage: operating

SBB's 16.7 Hz railway plant between the Sihlsee and Lake Zurich at Altendorf

Open on map Wikipedia (de)

Malta OberstufeAustria120 MWgenerating capacityMaltaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: Not yet / unknown
Stage: operating

Two sets at Galgenbichl lift Malta water up to Kölnbrein; rebuilt for variable-speed operation 2019–2024

Open on map Verbund station page

GeesthachtGermany120 MWgenerating capacityElbeoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.6 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1958
Stage: operating

Vattenfall's circular basin on the Geest bluff, pumping straight out of the tidal Elbe

Open on map Wikipedia (de) pumped-storage list

CapriatiItaly113 MWgenerating capacityVolturnooperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1963
Stage: operating

Pumps between Lake Matese, high on the massif, and the Volturno valley

Open on map Wikidata

HäusernGermany100 MWgenerating capacitySchwarzaoperatingDetails

Storage: 0.46 GWh
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1931
Stage: operating

Top stage of the Schluchsee cascade, working the Black Forest's Schluchsee against the Schwarza basin

Open on map Schluchseewerk station page

RužínSlovakia60 MWgenerating capacityHornádoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 52.7 m
Commissioned: 1973
Stage: operating

Slovakia's first reversible-turbine plant, between the Ružín and Ružín II pools of the Hornád above Košice

Open on map Slovenské elektrárne station page

Štěchovice IICzechia45 MWgenerating capacityVltavaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: 219.5 m
Commissioned: 1947
Stage: operating

Upper basin on Homole hill above the Vltava cascade; rebuilt with a single 45 MW reversible set in 1996

Open on map Wikipedia (cs)

DobšináSlovakia24 MWgenerating capacityClosed-loop / lake systemoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1953
Stage: operating

Transfers Hnilec water from Palcmanská Maša across the ridge into the Slaná basin — a 1953 inter-basin plant

Open on map Slovenské elektrárne station page

Mikšová IISlovakia2.6 MWgenerating capacityVáhoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1963
Stage: operating

The 1963 experimental unit where the reversible turbines for Ružín and Liptovská Mara were proven

Open on map Wikidata

Černé jezeroCzechia1.9 MWgenerating capacityÚhlavaoperatingDetails

Storage: Not published
Hydraulic head: Not published
Commissioned: 1930
Stage: operating

The first pumped-storage plant in Czechia (1930), between the glacial Černé jezero and a small basin on the Úhlava

Open on map Wikipedia (cs)

major river · clickable tributary / branch · clickable selected downstream path final outlet latest official Q European model comparison operating nuclear plant pumped-storage hydro core reservoir re-meandering floodplain reconnection barrier removal protected, not restoredEurope · 13 Aug 2026

Reading Europe’s riversLoading daily discharge and river geometry…